Entropy certification of a realistic quantum random-number generator based on single-particle entanglement

In single-particle entanglement (SPE) two degrees of freedom a single particle are entangled. SPE is resource that can be exploited both in quantum communication protocols and experimental tests noncontextuality based on the Kochen-Specker theorem. certified via test contextuality Bell inequalities. Experiments Bell-type inequality violation by entangled systems may affected an analog locality loophole this context, due to presence unavoidable nonidealities devices which actually produce unwanted correlations between observables simultaneously measured. This issue tackled here quantitatively analyzing behavior realistic experiments with photons. particular, we show how it possible provide semi-device-independent randomness certification random-number generators Bell-inequality states The analysis further enlarged encompass, Markovian model, memory effects dead time, dark counts, afterpulsing affecting single-photon detectors, particular when not dealing coincidence measurements. An unbiased estimator also proposed for transition probabilities out collection data.